Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Limestone which is present in the earthen crust across the globe is primarily formed when the remains of coal animals and plants are compacted on the ocean bottom. There are mainly two types of Limestone. The classification is based on the composition. One type is the mineral calcite which […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
For using in Glass manufacturing application, the limestone should essentially have about 97% of Calcium Carbonate and 0.12% of Iron oxide. The Iron oxide content required limits vary according to the type of glass to be produced. The mentioned iron oxide limit of 0.12% is for manufacturing the standard […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Limestone crushing is the most important step in processing the mined limestone. Generally limestone is crushed by dry grinding method and wet grinding method is not preferred for limestone crushing. There are special mills available in market for crushing limestone. Earlier traditional mills like Ball mills were used for […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Next to Silica Sand and Soda Ash, Limestone is the major raw material used for manufacturing glass. About 14 - 18% of the raw material batch weight consists of limestone. Limestone is nothing but Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3). The limestone is added to the batch to provide the Calcium oxide […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Solvay’s Process:
Ammonia recovery yield is controlled according to the permitted ammonia concentration in the released liquid. The lower the permitted value, the higher the quantity of stripping steam and therefore the global energy consumption, and the higher the cost of the ammonia recovery. This control can only be applied […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Solvay’s Process:
One of the major achievements of the Solvay process is the high efficiency of the ammonia recycle loop. This loop circulates roughly 500 to 550 kg NH3/t soda ash from which the ammonia loss is less than 0.5 % of this flow rate. The purpose of this important […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Solvay’s Process:
In some cases a small part of this “crude” bicarbonate, which although predominantly sodium bicarbonate also contains a mixture of different salts (ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride), may be extracted from the Solvay process cycle to be dried as “crude” bicarbonate product made without purification, by […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Solvay’s Process – Sodium bicarbonate Formation :
Separation of sodium bicarbonate crystals from mother liquor is achieved by means of centrifuges or vacuum filters. After washing of the cake to eliminate mother liquor chloride, it is sent to calcination. The liquid phase “mother liquor” is sent to the distillation sector […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Solvay’s Process – Sodium bicarbonate Formation :
Precipitation: As mentioned in the ammonia absorption step this is a closed loop process. The purified brine is allowed to react with the waste gas ammonia to form the ammoniacal brine. This ammoniacal brine is then allowed to react with excess carbon dioxide […]

Ceramic – Glass
Raw materials for Glass Manufacturing:
Solvay’s Process – Ammonia Absorption :
This is a closed loop process. Closed looping is necessary to ensure that no free ammonia is let out to the atmosphere as such. And it is a highly important step to prevent environmental pollution. This step is the initial processing step in the […]