Extrusion Shaping
A constant-thickness die generally ensures good equilibrium of the forces in play during the extrusion process. The lower the body moisture content the higher the plastic body attrition forces; it is thus easily understandable that, whatever the other parameters of the extrusion process described above, that the water contained in the ceramic […]

Extrusion Shaping
The material is fed into the propulsion system feed zone. The propeller exerts a dragging, compaction and compression action on the de-gassed plastic mass. Between the end of the propeller and the extrusion mouth there is a zone without any mechanical parts; here, the plastic body being fed by the rotary propeller […]

Extrusion Shaping
The extrusion machines consist of three main parts:
1. The “propulsion” system, which compresses the ceramic mass at high pressure and forces it out through the extrusion mouth.
2. The extrusion mouth, which constitutes the shaped aperture that forms the extruded material.
3. The cutting device: this receives the formed material and sizes it as […]

Extrusion Shaping
This shaping technique is mainly used to manufacture ceramic items with a constant cross-sectional area: the length of the items is established by cutting the extruded material at right angles to the direction of outflow.
The body used in this process is completely different from that used in pressing: extrusion-ready bodies have, in […]

Dry Pressing
The pressing cycle begins with ejection of the tile formed during the previous pressing; this ejection consists of the tile being raised by the lower punches from the bottom of cavity until it is above and level with the surface of the die. Powder pressing is the most commonly used ceramic tile […]

Dry Pressing
The essential characteristics of the hydraulic press are:
1. Evenly distributed pressing force;
2. Absolute repeatability of pressing cycle over time.
The above characteristics make hydraulic presses especially suitable for use in highly automated production plants. The dry pressing machine consists of press, dies, die cavity loading devices, powder removal devices, and filter box feeder devices or […]

Dry Pressing
Mechanical Presses like toggle press and friction press are not used now-a-days due to their design limitation in maintaining uniform and constant pressing. The toggle press features a cross-beam control system consisting of two interconnected rods that reproduce a knee-like joint. During pressing the speed of fall of the punch decreases steadily […]

Dry Pressing
The plasticity and the inter particle cohesion characteristics of the raw material mixture is an important factor of the shaping process. Approximately 3 – 7% moisture is present in the raw material in dry or semi-dry state. The raw material should also possess good flow properties and this flow property greatly depends […]

Dry Pressing
This is the most common method used for producing ceramic tiles. This is the most preferred method for manufacturing ceramic tiles for the following below mentioned reasons.
1. The technical characteristics of ceramic tiles are easily achievable in this method.
2. One of the most speedy technique
3. A very simple process
4. Very low process cost when compared to […]

Ceramic Shaping:
Shaping is the most important step in the manufacturing of ceramic products. There are three main forming processes, which are largely defined by the quantity of water in the ceramic bodies. They are:
1. Dry shaping
2. Plastic shaping
3. Semi-liquid shaping.
There are so many different methods and techniques which are associated with the above said process […]