In any clay, in addition to the very fine particle size there will be some portion of larger size particles also. In primary clay such as most kaolins there is so much coarse material of unaltered feldspar and quartz or other mineral grains which has to be necessarily removed by washing process.
Apart from other mineral […]

Normally the formula for Clay is:
Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
One molecule of Al2O3 is associated with two molecules of SiO2 and two molecules of H2O. Kaolinite is the mineralogical name which has been given to this pure clay substance.
The clay which is the end product of a long process of erosion and change is an extremely inert material chemically. […]

Water also splits rocks by seeping into cracks and expanding when it freezes. Plants also contribute to the process of disintegration by the action of their roots, which gain foot hold in cracks and when growing, split the rocks into smaller units. Glaciers and windborne particles also cause abrasive effects on the rocks and disintegrate […]

More than two billion years ago the forces of geologic change began to act upon igneous rocks. Water is the most important agent of geologic change. It literally dissolved incalculable quantities of rock. Water has washed away mountains over a period of millions of years. The presence of estimated fifteen hundred billion tones of salt […]

The composition of the original crust of igneous rock which covered the earth must have been quite uniform all over the surface of the Globe. The present composition of the earth what we are seeing is the result of later changes. Below few thousands of feet, the earth is composed mainly of a basalt layer, […]

Clay is still being produced by nature much more than what man is able to make use of in ceramics. We think the surface of the earth is permanent and unchanging. It is not so. This is only because we have the opportunity of observing it over a relatively limited period of time. Actually the […]

In recent times, science has contributed enormously to the world of ceramics and what was formally understood vaguely by rule of thumb methods has been clarified by modern research. In most cases, the difficulties in Sanitaryware making are due to the large number of variables involved. We need to get the ceramic process under some […]

Clay is a very simple material. It is abundant, cheap, easily acquired and prepared and does not require extensive processing. If these characteristics were not there for clay, it would have been impossible for primitive people to make pottery. Even today pottery can be made with out resort to science. Clay is also a temperamental […]

Primary clay - as the name denotes it is primary in type. We can also describe it as Clay without proper treatment or beneficiation process - which cannot be used as such for any application. It needs to go through lot of processes to make it useable.
Different application needs different characteristics type of China clay […]

Through out the world lot of money, labour and energy is being spent on this important ceramic raw material to find out certain mysterious unanswered questions even in the 21st century, where space stations are established by human experts.
Of late, many breakthroughs were possible due to the advancement in analytical equipments.
Technological advancement and […]